| REAL-TIME DRIVING CYCLE MEASUREMENTS OF ULTRAFINE PARTICLE EMISSIONS FROM TWO WHEELERS AND COMPARISON WITH PASSENGER CARS |
| A. MOMENIMOVAHED1, J. S. OLFERT1, M. D. CHECKEL1, S. PATHAK2, V. SOOD2, Y. SINGH2, S. K. SINGAL2 |
1Universiy of Alberta
2Indian Institute of Petroleum |
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| ABSTRACT |
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Two wheel vehicles (scooters and motorcycles) make up 74% of the vehicle population in India. An experimental study has been conducted to assess and compare the particulate emissions from several two wheelers and passenger car in a typical Indian fleet. The vehicles, including four 4-stroke, two 2-stroke two-wheelers, and one gasoline-LPG bi-fuel passenger cars, were tested on a chassis dynamometer using the Indian Driving Cycle. A differential mobility spectrometer was employed to measure the particle size distribution in real-time in the range of 5 nm to 560 nm. Particulate size distributions from the two-wheelers were typically bi-modal. The count median diameter with 4-stroke two wheelers was observed in the range of 26 nm to 48 nm. The number and mass emission factors ranged between 9.5 |
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